Positive continuously constant gear-mesh speed change system for planetary drive systems and the like

ABSTRACT

A planetary gear speed change system including a ratio alternater system and an automatic mechanical shifter system operable to shift ratio alternater elements into driving engagement with the planetary reaction member, vary its relative rotational value and then disengage, in automatic synchronous timed relation to the ratio alternater system functional cycles, with continuous drive during such shifting, to thereby vary the planetary driving ratios with continuous torque delivery throughout its operation, and including constant speed and/or fixed members synchronously engageable with the reaction member to maintain same at selected rotational values. Modifications include single, multiple and other combinations of planetary drive systems. Various novel synchronized shifter and ratio alternater systems are disclosed, as are novel combinations for effecting many varieties of driving conditions and speed change applications.

United States Patent Kiss [ 51 May 2, 1972 s41 POSITIVE CONTINUOUSLY CONSTANT GEAR-MESH SPEED CHANGE SYSTEM FOR PLANETARY DRIVE SYSTEMS AND THE LIKE [72] Inventor: Laszlo J. Kiss, 7044 Paige, Warrcn, Mich.

[22] Filed: Jan. 9, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 1,823

[52] U.S. Cl..... ...74/681, 74/335, 74/339 [51} Int. Cl.....' ....Fl6h 37/04, Fl6h 3/78 [58] Field oiSearch ..74/335, 337.5, 339, 681

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,593,416 4/1952 Dawson.... ..74/339 2,740,509 4/1956 Lecavelier ..74/335 X 2,764,032 9/1956 Leber ..74/339 3,306,128 2/1967 Zuse ..74/679 FOREIGN PATENTS 0R APPLICATIONS 544,335 4/1942 Great Britain ..74/681 Primary Examiner-Carlton R. Croyle Assistant Examiner-Thomas C. Perry Attorney-Hanke, Gifford and Patalidis [57] ABSTRACT A planetary gear speed change system including a ratio altemater system and an automatic mechanical shifter system operable to shift ratio altemater elements into driving engagement with the planetary reaction member, vary its relative rotational value and then disengage, in automatic synchronous timed relation to the ratio altemater system functional cycles, with continuous drive during such shifting, to thereby vary the planetary driving ratios with continuous torque delivery throughout its operation, and including constant speed and/or fixed members synchronously engageable with the reaction member to maintain same at selected rotational values. Modifications include single, multiple and other combinations of planetary drive systems. Various novel synchronized shifier and ratio altemater systems are disclosed. as are novel combinations for effecting many varieties of driving conditions and speed change applications.

47 Claims, 61 Drawing Figures PATENTEDMAY 2 I972 sum 01 0F 12 INVENTOR. fl 5240 f M55 M @WJW F/GJc Z;

PATENTEDMAY 2 I972 SHEET 03 0F 12 ww J - INVENTOR. LASZLOJ K/SS NIWN PATENTEDMAY 2119.72 3,- 6 59 4 7 9 SHEET 0 4 OF 12 Lg szw (I' /$73 PATENTEDMAY 2:972 3,659,479

sum 080F124 INVENTOR. Y 1/020 [/rw POSITIVE CONTINUOUSLY CONSTANT GEAR-MESH SPEED CHANGE SYSTEM FOR PLANETARY DRIVE SYSTEMS AND THE LIKE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION I. Field of the Invention My invention relates to planetary drive systems and the like and more particularly to such systems having positive control over the rotation of their reaction members to achieve shifting between selective planetary speed ratios while transmitting continuous torque at all times.

II. Description of the Prior Art Planetary and the like drive systems, which all have at least one set of input, output, and reaction members, reaction members generally also called fixed members, which members are commonly in the form of sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear (not necessarily in that order), conventionally incorporate a frictional element such as a brake or clutch operating on or with the reaction member to engage it in a fixed position or with its input shaft, to achieve variation of the planetary driving ratio, but in every case requiring one gear drive to be disengaged in order to engage another gear drive, thereby interrupting torque delivery. Many different results are obtained depending on which of the sun, planet or ring gears are used as the input, output or reaction members and depending on the type and combinations of planetaries used and their selected gear ratios. However, with conventional basic systems, one may only produce two controlled driving ratios with a single planetary system depending on whether the reaction member is fixed for low speed or clutched with the input for direct drive. Variations from a basic system require the addition of further planetary drives and further frictional brakes and/or clutches. I am aware of no prior art in the field which fulfills the long known need for planetary drive speed changes with constant gear-mesh shifting in the manner hereinafter disclosed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In may US. Pat. No. 3,468,177, issued Sept. 23, 1969, I have described my invention of a novel continuous gear-mesh shifting transmission system, the heart of which is a unique ratio altemater and positive shifter system combination in which primary drive gears are synchronously shifted into and out of mesh with full width tooth engagement and without the use of any frictional elements, clutches, brakes or the like.

The present invention constitutes a new and unique extension of the principles of the aforesaid invention to all planetary and the like drive systems.

Basically, the reaction member of a planetary or the like drive system, whether it be a sun gear, planet gear carrier, or ring gear, is positively driven at any selected primary drive rotational value or is fixed, to thereby determine the driving ratios of the planetary input and output members, upon being first selectively synchronously shifted by an automatic mechanical shifter system into engagement with the alternately accelerating and decelerating driven element of a ratio alternater system, while being simultaneously disengaged from the primary drive system, so that it is accelerated or decelerated with constant gear mesh to the next primary drive rotational value. The reaction member is finally disconnected from the ratio altemater drive system and simultaneously connected with the primary drive system, all at automatically predetermined synchronous functional positions of the ratio alternater system operating cycles, resulting in the positive drive continuously constant gear-mesh speed change of the planetary system, with positive changes of input to output ratios, shifting with no loss or interruption of torque, and without using any frictional clutches, brakes or the like.

The reaction member is thus positively shifted to another selected primary drive rotational value, and is synchronously engaged, depending on such rotational value, with either a fixed member, a primary drive member rotated by the input member, or directly with the input member itself for direct drive, and maintained at that primary drive rotational value to effect a constant selected planetary input-to-output driving ratio. Alternatively, the reaction member may be synchronously completely disengaged to effect a neutral condition in which no driving force is transmitted to the output member. Further, the reaction member can be shifted to a primary drive rotational value which is the same as its neutral rotational value, which will effect a positively driven stopped condition of the output member, or it may be shifted to a primary drive rotational value to produce an output speed between its fixed low speed and direct drive or between its fixed low speed and zero output speed.

A planetary drive system embodying the present invention may utilize selective shifting of the reaction member with a series of different ratio primary drive elements to effect a complete series of any required number of planetary driving ratios. Further, a simplified reverser coupling device operable on the planetary input member enables a planetary system to be positively shifted through a different series of selected drive ratios from fixed reaction member effected output speed to direct drive and also from fixed reaction member efiected output speed to zero output.

At any time that the output member is positively driven to a zero rotational value, it can be synchronously shifted into engagement with a fixed member to effect a positive stopped condition.

Additional planetary drive systems may be combined to achieve innumerable varieties of driving ratios and conditions. but it will be found that more speed variations are possible with fewer planetary drives when utilizing the present speed change system than when conventional clutches, brakes and the like are used.

It will be noted that a planetary drive system may have more than one reaction member to control the output speed, in which case while one remains permanently fixed, the other can be used for shifting in accordance with my present invention to effect the fixed reactional output speed, neutral, or any other constant speed which may be required.

Also, it will be noted that with my invention all shiftings are achieved with continuously constant gear mesh, thereby effecting substantially constant accelerations and decelerations, producing no sudden shocks while changing speeds.

Further, it will be noted that with my present invention all shiftings are accomplished through the use of a unique automatic mechanical shifter system having preset shifting functions relative to the functions of the ratio altemater system such that the shiftings are effected with a unique constant mechanical shifting cycle related to predetermined constant input shaft revolutions to produce constant output revolutions while shifting. Whenever mechanical shifting cycles are repeated, they will always be absolutely the same in revolution and also in shift time." Therefore, the drive systems incorporating my present invention are applicable to even the most demanding shift accuracy requirements of automatic or semiautomatic drive systems for transmitting different rotations or motions. Shifting controls may be manual or semi-automatic, or may incorporate fully-automatic punched card or magnetic tape controls or the like.

Thus, any conceivable desired drive result is possible with a planetary drive system incorporating the present invention, in all cases providing for continuous torque delivery even during the shifting functions, with accurate shifting cycles, producing useful applications for practically all types of industrial machinery and vehicles as well as in heavy duty applications, where speed changing is desired with or without positive stops.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings illustrating some preferred embodiments of the invention in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views and in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating the basic concept of the present invention, showing a preferred basic planetary system in a neutral position;

FIG. 1A is a diagrammatic cross section of the ratio altemater of FIG. 1 taken substantially on the line lA-1A thereof, illustrating its functioning principle;

FIG. 1B is a relative ratio altemater curve for the ratio alternater functions of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating the system of FIG. 1 while shifting between neutral and low speed positions;

FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating the FIG. 2 ratio altemater function;

FIG. 2B is a relative ratio altemater curve for the ratio alternater function of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating the system of FIG. 1 in its low speed position;

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating the FIG. 3 ratio altemater function;

FIG. 3B is a relative ratio altemater curve for the ratio altemater function of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C is an output speed curve of the system of FIG. 1 between its neutral and low speed operations;

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating the system of FIG. 1 while shifting between low and direct drive positions;

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating the FIG. 4 ratio altemater function;

FIG. 4B is a relative ratio altemater curve for the ratio alternater function of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating the system of FIG. 1 in its direct drive position;

FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating the FIG. 5 ratio alternating function;

FIG. 5B is a relative ratio altemater curve for the ratio alternater function of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C is an output speed curve of the system of FIG. 1 between its low speed and direct drive operations;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal partly cross-sectional plan view of a preferred dual planetary transmission drive having four speeds in combination with a geared positive clutch, wherein all drives incorporate the principles disclosed in FIGS. 1-5 and its associated diagrams;

FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6A6A of FIG. 6;

FIG. 6B is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6B--6B of FIG. 6;

FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6C-6C of FIG. 6;

FIG. 6D is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6D6D of FIG. 6;

FIG. 6E is an electrical schematic of the control system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 6F is a diagrammatic view illustrating the functions of the ratio altemater, shifter and shift start systems shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 6G is a diagrammatic view illustrating the functions of the shift driver and driven elements as seen from the right side of FIG; 6F;

FIG. GR is a diagrammatic development of the shifter drums of FIG. 6 in relation to the functions of FIG. 66;

FIG. 6] is a'diagrammatic development of the shift cycle start cam drum of FIG. 6;

FIG. 6K is a diagrammatic view of the control system limit switches of FIGS. 6 and 6E;

FIG. 6L is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6I..6L of FIG. 6;

FIG. 6M is a diagrammatic view illustrating the functions of the ratio alternaters as seen from the right side of FIG. 6F

FIG. 6N is a relative ratio curve for the ratio alternaters of FIG. 6;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal partly cross-sectional plan view of a preferred four speed single planetary drive transmission with a driven positive stop alternative;

FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 7A7A of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7B is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 78-78 of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7C is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 7C-7C of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7D is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 7D-7D of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7E is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 7E-7E of FIG. 7D;

FIG. 7F is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 7F 7 F of FIG. 7 and illustrating the functioning principle of a link-type ratio altemater;

FIG. 76 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 76-70 of FIG. 7F;

FIG. 7H is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 7I-I--7I-I of FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic longitudinal plan view illustrating substantially the system of FIG. 7, indicating exemplary relative ratio values of the drive system with the addition of a reversing disconnectable coupling system to illustrate possible alternative drive ratio. functions, from low output speed to drive positive stop output;

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating one preferred planetary ratio altemater system;

FIG. 9A is a relative speed curve for one mode of operation of the ratio altemater system of FIG. 9;

FIG. 9B is a relative speed curve for another mode of operation of the ratio altemater system of FIG. 9;

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating another preferred planetary ratio altemater system;

FIG. 10A is a relative speed curve for the ratio altemater system of FIG. 10;

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view illustrating a preferred planetary drive transmission having one output planetary and one speed change planetary embodying my invention;

FIG. 11A is a fragmentary cross-sectional view as seen substantially from the line llA-l 1A of FIG. 1 1;

FIG. 11B is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 1 113-118 of FIG. 1 1; 7

FIG. 1 1C is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line l1C-I1C ofFIG. 11;

FIG. 11D is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line l1DllD of FIG. I 1;

FIG. 11E is a diagrammatic development of the shifter drums ofFIG. 11;

FIG. v12 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view of a preferred planetary ratio altemater for drive systems of the geared positive clutch type for positive stop and direct drive embodying my invention;

FIG. 12A is a relative speed curve for the system of FIG. 12;

FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view of a preferred planetary forward-reverse drive system embodying my invention;

FIG. 13A is a relative speed curve for the system of FIG. '13;

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view of a preferred bevel planetary drive system, with forward, driven positive stop and reverse drive embodying my invention; 1 FIG. 14A is a relative speed curve for the system of FIG. 14;

FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view of a preferred two speed high ratio reduction triple planetary drive system having two reaction members, one of which is controlled by a one-way clutch, embodying my invention;

FIG. 15A is an output speed curve for the system of FIG. 15; and

FIG. 15B is an input end view of the system of FIG. 15 as seen substantially from the line ISIS-15B thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A. Basic Concept, FIGS. 1-5

1. Primary Drive System 10 Note: In the following specification the term primary drive system" refers to a drive train or trains which produce a constant output speed or input-to-output drive ratio.

The primary drive system comprises a planetary drive unit including an input member 12, an output member 14 and a reaction member 16.

For illustrative purposes only: the input member 12 includes a sun gear 24 fixed for rotation with an input shaft 18 having also fixed thereto a drive gear 20, and an interiorly splined direct drive coupling driver element 22; the output member 14 includes a planet carrier 28 fixed to an output shaft 26 and rotatably carrying a plurality of planet gears 30 in constant mesh with the sun gear 24; and the reaction member 16 includes a ring gear 34 fixed to an exteriorly splined reaction shaft 32 and constantly meshed with the planet gears 30, with an internally splined shifter cone member 36 rotatable with and axially shiftable on the reaction shaft 32. The shifter cone member 36 includes a driven gear 38 and a direct drive coupling driven element 40, the latter being selectively engageable with the aforementioned coupling driver element 22. The reaction shaft 32 is rotatably concentrically bearing supported on the input shaft 18.

2. Shifter System An automatic mechanical shifter system (not shown) is arranged to synchronously axially shift the shifter cone member 36 on the reaction shaft 32 to and from the selected constant speed positions shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5. FIGS. 2 and 4 illus trate the intermediate or dwell positions, as will be more fully described hereafter. As shown in FIG. 1, the primary drive system 10 is in its neutral N position, the output member 14 being in idle or stopped, not receiving rotational power because the clockwise rotating input member 12, as viewed toward the right, drives the freely rotating reaction member 16 counterclockwise at a predetermined rotational value depending on the planetary ratio. The primary driving power is indicated by the solid directional flow line.

3. Ratio Alternater Drive System 50 A ratio alternater drive system 50 is illustrated as preferably comprising a first driver element 52 rotating with a first driver shaft 54 continuously rotated in a counterclockwise direction, at a predetermined ratio relative to the input shaft 18, by the drive gear 20 through a driven gear 58 fixed to the first driver shaft 54. The first driver element 52 preferably consists of a substantially radial slotted arm, as shown in FIG. 1A, rotating on the driver axis DR" and operable to rotate a first driven element 60 which consists of a radial crank engaged in the slot of the first driver element 52 and fixed to a second driver shaft 62 rotatable on a driven axis DN" which is offset from the driver axis DR as indicated in FIG. 1A. Thus, as the first driver element 52 is rotated continuously by the planetary input shaft 18, the first driven element 60 alternately accelerates and decelerates between two predetermined relative speeds; that is, at the 0 position of FIG. 1A, the first driven element 60 is being rotated at its highest speed relative to the first driver element 52, and at the 180 position, the first driven element 60 is being rotated at its lowest speed relative to the first driver element 52, because of the continuously alternating relative driver and driven radii ratios. Note that the slotted ann driving radius varies substantially infinitely between the two R radii indicated in FIG. 1A while the crank radius R is constant.

A second driver element 66, again preferably of the slotted arm type, rotates with the second driver shaft 62 and extends oppositely to the first driven element 60. A second driven element 68, again preferably of the crank type, is fixed to a ratio alternater output shaft 70 rotatably bearing supported on an axis offset from the axis of the second driver shaft 62. The second driven element 68 will, in the manner previously described for the first driven element 60, be rotated between two predetermined speeds relative to the second driver element 66 due to the continuously alternating second relative driver and driven radii ratios.

The higher and lower relative speeds of first and second the driven elements 60 and 68 are cumulative because their minimum and maximum ratio positions occur simultaneously in the system shown, such that the effect of the ratio alternater as a whole is to produce alternating infinitely varying effective driving ratios between selected minimum and maximum ratio values, the maximum in this case being sufficiently high such that, at the 180 position of FIG. 1A the ratio alternater output shaft 70 will be driven at a substantially zero rotational value. In further modifications to be described, and in some modifications illustrated in my aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,468,177, systems may be incorporated which will drive the ratio alternater output shaft to an absolutely zero rotational value, or to any other desired ratio values.

Affixed to and rotatable with the ratio alternater output shaft 70 are a reversing gear 74 and a ratio alternater lowdirect driver gear 76. A ratio alternater reverse driver gear 78 is rotatably bearing supported on the output shaft 70. Reversing gears 82 and 84 affixed to a rotatable shaft 86 and an idler gear 88 affixed to a rotatable bearing supported shaft 90 drivingly connect the reversing gear 74 with the reverse driver gear 78.

A fixed gear-toothed element 96 is disposed intermediate the ratio alternater driver gear 76 and 78 as indicated, such that these three elements are located for selective successive driving engagement with the reaction member driven gear 38 as the shifter cone member 36 is axially shifted on the reaction shaft 32 by the automatic mechanical shifter system in synchronous relation with the selected maximum and minimum ratio value functions of the ratio alternater system.

4. Operation The functions of the ratio alternater and shifter systems are illustrated in FIG. 1A, as hereinbefore described, and FIG. 1B, which illustrates these functions in speed curve form. The negative speed curve indicates the reverse rotational values of the counterclockwise rotating ratio alternater reverse driver gear 78 relative to the clockwise rotating planetary input member 12, being termed negative" because, when the reverse driver gear 78 is drivingly engaged with the driven gear 38, the reaction member 16 will be driven reversely to the input member 12 (the direction of the reaction gear rotation when'driven at neutral) to and from a zero rotational value. At the 0 or 360 ratio alternater position. this negative value is the reaction member rotational value when the output member 14 is at idle or stopped, with the ratio alternater system functioning at its minimum ratio value.

Throughout the following description, it must be borne in mind that although FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A and 5A illustrate the rotational functions of only the first mentioned slotted arm-to-crank portion of the ratio alternater, the speed curves of FIGS. 13, 2B, 3B, 4B and 5B illustrate the alternating ratio functions of the ratio alternater as a whole; that is, the variations produced on the ratio alternater output shaft 70 and the gearing driven thereby. Also, note that the terms (up) and (DN) in the drawings refer to shifting actions respectively toward higher and lower output speeds of the planetary system, while the numbers 1, 2 and 3" refer respectively to the first, second and third shift functional actions of the shifter cone member 36, arcs through which the ratio alternater arm and crank components rotate during such shift movements, and the portions of the speed curves functionally related thereto.

The speed curve, for a predetermined angular rotation before and after the 0 position of the ratio alternater, has substantially no variation, as indicated in FIG. 2B, so that shifting of the shifter cone member 36 from the FIG. 1 neutral N position to the FIG. 2 position may occur as the reverse driver gear 78 drives the driven gear 38 in reverse direction at substantially synchronous maximum rotational velocity, the ratio alternater crank and slotted arm components at such time functioning through that arc designated 1" in FIG. 2A, which is substantially the minimum ratio value of the ratio alternater.

As the ratio alternater system continues to rotate from the toward the 180 position, designated as the arc 2 (UP) in FIG. 2A and the decelerating curve portion 2 (UP)" of FIG. 28, it operates to decelerate the reverse or counterclockwise rotating reaction member 16 toward a substantially zero rotational value, termed herein the second shift action or the dwell shifting period.

Driving power or torque from the input member 12 immediately upon engagement of the driver and driven gears 78 and 38, is transmitted directly to the output member 14 as the planet carrier 28 is positively accelerated by the slowing of the reverse rotation of the reaction member ring gear 34, thereby imparting thrust, as indicated by the solid primary drive power flow line of FIG. 2, and as indicated by the dot-dash ratio alternater power flow line.

As the ratio alternater system rotates toward the 180 position, the reaction member ring gear is decelerated to a substantially zero rotational value, effecting an increasing planetary output speed. Again, during a predetermined angular rotation before and after the 180 position, the speed curve has substantially no variation, such that the next shifting action can occur as designated 3 (UP)" in FIG. 3A, and in that portion of the ratio alternater output speed curve indicated at 3 (UP) in FIG. 38 while the reaction member 16 is driven to a substantially zero rotational value. During this shift period, the automatic mechanical shifter system will function to shift the shifter cone member 36 to the left as designated 3 (UP)" in FIG. 3 to synchronously mesh the driven gear 38 with the fixed element 96 while substantially simultaneously disengaging the driver and driven gears 78 and 38. The planetary output member 14 is now being continuously driven at low L" speed position of FIG. 3. FIG. 3C illustrates the output speed curve in shifting from the neutral N or zero output to the low speed L output.

Whenever it is desired, at a time when the ratio alternater drive system 50 is functioning again at, its maximum ratio value and the low-direct driver gear 76 is rotating at substantially zero value, a further upward speed automatic shift cycle may be initiated. During a predetermined angular rotation before and after the 180 position illustrated by the are 1" in FIG. 413 indicating the ratio alternater zerorotational output value, the low-direct driver gear 76 is substantially synchronized with the stopped driven gear 38 which can during this period be shifted to the left into engagement with the driver gear 76 while substantially simultaneously being disengaged from the fixed element 96 during the first shaft action.

During the second shift action or shift dwell, as the ratio alternater drive system 50 now functions toward its minimum ratio value, the reaction member 16 will be accelerated in a clockwise direction during that portion of the ratio alternater are designated 2 (UP)" in FIG. 4A, the ratio curve of FIG. 4B rising through that portion designated 2 (UP)" at the substantially non-varying curve portion before and after the 360 position, the reaction member coupling driven element 40 is positively driven to become substantially synchronized with the input member coupling driver element 22, and at such time the automatic mechanical shifter system will function to shift the shifter cone member 36 to the left, positively engaging the coupling driver and driven elements 22 and 40 while substantially simultaneously disengaging the driver and driven gears 76 and 38 during that period when the ratio alternater elements are rotating through that arc of FIG. 5A designated 3" in FIG. 5A, completing the third shift action. The input and reaction members 12 and 16 are thus coupled together in the direct drive D" position of FIG. 5. The output speed curve from low L to direct drive D positions is illustrated in FIG. 5C.

Shifting from direct drive D" downward to low L and then to neutral N" will be accomplished in similar fashion, the similar but substantially opposite shifting cycles being synchronized with the substantially opposite functions of the ratio alternater drive system 50, the steps of operation for each shift cycle being designated by the appropriate numerals and directional arrows (DN) of FIGS. l-5, lA-SA, lB-SB, 3C and 5C.

The diameters of the various driver, driven, and associated gear elements, and the ratio alternater minimum and max-v imum ratio values, will be selected to effect those synchronized speeds for shifting which are determined by the type and operating characteristics of the planetary gearing to achieve the foregoing operative functions. At all times, the reaction member 16 is fully and positively controlled, the shifting gear elements having full total gear-mesh width during the described shifts to effect positive continuous driving speed changes with full and uninterrupted torque delivery.

The basic principle of positive constant gear-mesh shifting shown and described for FIGS. 1-5 and the associated diagrams applies to all types and styles of planetary systems to obtain desired ratio variations with positive continuous driving speed change, and in all cases while the ratio alternater system is drivingly engaged to positively drive the reaction member it alternates its rotation from one output speed to another while it is being shifted.

B. Four-Speed Dual Planetary and Geared Positive Clutch Transmission FIG. 6 and its associated cross sections, details and diagrams illustrate the construction of a complete representative planetary drive transmission incorporating an application of the positive continuous driving speed change system of the invention, and comprises a primary drive system 98 having first and second. planetaries 100 and 102 respectively arranged in series, and a geared positive clutch system 104. The speed change system comprises a parallel dual ratio alternater drive system 106 operably engageable with components of the primary drive systems as synchronously efiected by an automatic mechanical positive shifter system 108. These systems are contained in and supported by a transmission housing 1 l2.

1. Primary Drive System First Planetary 100 The preferred first planetary 100 basically comprises a first input member 1 14,'a first output member 116, and a first reaction member 118.

The first input member 114 includes a first input sun gear 126 fixed for rotation with a partially splined first input shaft rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112 and having a first direct drive element 127 affixed at an intermediate location as shown.

The first output member 116 comprises a first output sun gear 128 "carried by the forward end of a second-input shaft 148 to be described with the second planetary 102.

The first reaction member 118 comprises a first planet carrier 134 having dual first planet gears 130 and 131 rotatably carried on first planet shafts 132 secured to the first planet carrier 134 which is constructed integrally with an externally splined first reaction shaft 136 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 1 l2 and on the first input shaft 120. An internally splined first planetary shifter cone 139 having a driven gear 140 rotates with and is axially slideable on the first reaction shaft 136, but in the position shown the driven gear 140 is engaged with a first planetary fixed member 141.

The dual first planet gears 130 and 131 are constantly meshed respectively with the first input and output sun gears 126 and 128 to produce selected first planetary driving ratios determined by the rotational value of the first reaction member 1 18, which is variable upon shifting of the first planetary shifter cone 139, synchronously with the functions of the ratio alternater drive system 106, between a stopped position in which the driven gear 140 is engaged with the fixed member 141 for a low speed and a direct drive position in which the internal splines of the first shifter cone 139 mesh with the external teeth of the first direct drive element 127.

2. Primary Drive System Second Planetary 102 The preferred second planetary I02 basically comprises a second input member 142, a second output member 144, and a second reaction member 146.

The second input member 142 comprises a second sun gear 152 fixed for rotation with the second input shaft 148 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112 with the first output sun gear 128 fixed to its forward end as previously described, and a second direct drive element 154 affixed at an intermediate location as shown.

The second output member 144 comprises a second planet carrier 160 having second planet gears 156 constantly meshed with the second sun gear 152 and rotatable on second planet shafts 158 secured to the second planet carrier 160 which is fixed to a transmission output shaft 162 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112.

The second reaction member 146 comprises an internal ring gear 166 rotatably bearing supported in the housing and integrally constructed with an externally splined second reaction shaft 170 rotatably bearing supported on the second input shaft 148 and by the housing 112. An internally splined second planetary Shifter cone 173 having a driven gear 174 rotates with and is axially slideable on the second reaction shaft 170, but in the low speed position shown the driven gear 174 is engaged with a second planetary fixed member 175.

The ring gear 166 is constantly meshed with the second planet gears 156 to produce selected second planetary driving ratios determined by the rotational value of the second reaction member 146, which is variable upon shifting of the second planetary shifter cone 173, synchronously with the functions of the ratio alternater drive system 106, between a fixed position in which the driven gear 174 is engaged with the fixed member 175 for low speed and a direct drive position in which the internal splines of the second planetary shifter cone 173 engage the second direct drive element 154.

3. Geared Positive Clutch System 104 The preferred geared positive clutch system 104 comprises a transmission input shaft 176 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112, with an internally toothed positive clutch driver member 180 on its rear end rotatably bearing supporting the forward end of the planetary first input shaft 120, which serves as the output shaft of the geared positive clutch system 104. A ratio alternater system drive gear 182 and a shifter system drive gear 184 are affixed to intermediate locations of the transmission input shaft 176 as shown.

An internally toothed fixed stop member 186 is mounted in the housing 112. An internally splined clutch shifter cone 188, having integrally constructed therewith a positive clutch driven member 190 and a positive stop driven gear 192, is rotatable with and axially slideable on the splined portion of the planetary first input shaft 120.

The clutch shifter cone 188 is selectively shiftable, synchronously with the functions of the ratio alternater drive system 106, between a positive stopped position in which the positive stop driven gear 192 is engaged with the fixed stop member 186 and a direct drive or positive clutched position in which the positive clutch driven member 190 is engaged with the positive clutch driver member 180. In the stopped position, with the transmission input shaft 176 rotating, no power is delivered to the planetary systems and the transmission output shaft 162 will be positively stopped, while in the positive clutched position direct drive is delivered to the planetary systems.

4. Parallel Dual Ratio Alternater Drive System 106 The preferred dual ratio alternater drive system incorporated in the FIG. 6 embodiment of the invention includes a driven gear 194 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112 and in constant gear mesh with the input shaft mounted drive gear 182 at a predetermined ratio. A first ratio alternater initial driver element 198 consists of a slotted fork integral with the driven gear 194. A first ratio alternater initial driven element 200 consists of a crank engaged in the slot of the driver element 198 and fixed to a tubular first ratio alternater initial shaft 202 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112 on an axis offset from the axis of the driven gear 194 so that the crank of the driven element 200, having a fixed radius, will be driven by the driver element 198, which has a varying radius contact through its slot, to continuously alternately accelerate and decelerate the driven element 200 between selected first maximum and minimum ratio values.

A slotted fork 206 integral with the rear end of the shaft 202 forms a first ratio alternaterfinal driver element 208. A first ratio alternater final driven element 210 consists of a crank engaged in the slot of the driver element 208 and fixed to a tubular first ratio alternater driven shaft 212 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112 on an axis offset from the axis of the shaft 202 so that the crank of the driven element 210, having a fixed radius, will be driven by the driver element 208, which has a varying radius contact through its slot, to continuously accelerate and decelerate the driven element 210 between selected first final maximum and minimum ratio values.

A ratio alternater positive clutch driver gear 216 and first reaction driver gear 218 are fixed to rotate with the driven shaft 212. The minimum and maximum ratio values above described are cumulative in effect to positively constantly alternate the driver gears 216 and 218 between a first planetary direct drive velocity and substantially zero rotational values.

A second ratio alternater initial driver element 220 consists of a second slotted fork integral with the driven gear 194 and located substantially relative to the first initial driver element 198. A second ratio alternater initial driven element 222 consists of a crank engaged in the slot of the driver element 220 and fixed to a second ratio alternater initial shaft 224 rotatably bearing supported within the tubular shaft 202 so that the crank of the driven element 222, having a fixed radius, will be driven by the driver element 220, which has a varying radius contact through its slot, to continuously alternately accelerate and decelerate the driven element 22 between selected first maximum and minimum ratio values.

A slotted fork 228 integral with the rear end of the shaft 224 has a radial slot forming a second ratio alternater final driver element 230. A second ratio alternater final driven element 232 consists of a crank engaged in the slot of the driver element 230 and fixed to a second ratio alternater driven shaft 234 rotatably bearing supported within the tubular shaft 212 and by the housing 112 so that the crank of the driven element 232, having a fixed radius, will be driven by the driver element 230, which has a varying radius contact through its slot, to continuously alternately accelerate and decelerate the driven element 232 between selected second final maximum and minimum ratio values.

A ratio alternater second reaction driver gear 240 is fixed to rotate with the rear end of the driven shaft 234 as shown. The minimum and the maximum ratio values above described are cumulative in effect to positively constantly alternate the driver gear 240 between a second planetary direct drive velocity and substantially zero rotational values. The second final maximum and minimum ratio values described occur 180 out of phase with respect to the first final maximum and minimum ratio values previously described, as will be apparent from the relative positioning of the respective ratio alternater driver and driven elements shown in the drawings.

5. Automatic Mechanical Positive Shifter System 108 The preferred automatic mechanical positive shifter system 108 comprises a first shift driver gear 242 constantly meshed, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 6A, with the shifter system drive gear 184 fixed for rotation with the transmission input shaft 176 and having the same ratio with the driver gear 242 as the ratio alternater driven gear 194 has with its drive gear 182. The first shift driver gear 242 is fixed to a first shifter shaft 244 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112. An up shift driver element 248 is afiixed to the shaft 244 as shown.

A second shift driver gear 250 constantly meshed at a one to one ratio with the first shift driver gear 242 is fixed to a second shifter shaft 252 rotatably bearing supported by the housing 112. A down shift driver element 256 and a shift cycle start drum 258 are afi'ixed to the shaft 252 as shown.

A shifter drive shaft 260 is rotatably bearing supported by the housing 1 12 and, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 68, a shift cycler element 268 is internally splined for rotation with and axial shifting on the shaft 260, being operably connected for shifting purposes with the shift cycle start drum 258 by a shift cycle start fork 270 pivotally mounted to the housing 112 on a pin 272.

A plan development of the shift cycle start drum 258 is shown in FIG. 6.1. With the drum 258 rotating clockwise, as seen from the leftside of FIG. 6, the fork 270 in its neutral position will be engaged in a central groove 258a of the drum 258. Upon synchronized urging of the fork 270 toward either the right or the left, it will, at either the 90 or 270 annular point, be cammed into either a right or a left side groove 2581; or 2580, enabling the fork 270 to shift the shift cycler element 268 into position to be engaged respectively with either the up shift or the down shift driver element 248 or 256 as indicated in FIG. 6F. After a nearly 360 rotation of the shift cycle start drum 258, the fork 270 will be cammed back to the neutral position, engaging the shift cycler element 268 with a housing mounted fixed element 273 seen in FIGS. 6F and 6G, and substantially simultaneously disengaging the shift cycler element 268 from the respective driver element 248 or 256.

As seen in FIG. 66, the shift cycler element 268 has eight 45 separated teeth, while the up shift and down shift driver elements 248 and 256 each have two 180 separated teeth. Thus, on each 360 rotation of a shift driver element, in line with which the shift cycler element 268 has been shifted by the fork 270, the shift cycler element 268 will be rotatably indexed first to effect a first shift action designated (1), then a second shift action non-rotating dwell designated (2), and then a third shift action designated (3), in positive relationship with the ratio alternaters, for the shifting functions hereinafter described.

A clutch shifter drum 274 is fixed for rotation with the shift driver shaft 260 and operably connected with the splined clutch shifter cone 188 by means of a clutch shifter fork 276 pivotally carried on a housing mounted pin 278 so that, starting from the position of FIG. 6, a counterclockwise shift action (1) cycled rotation of the clutch shifter drum 274 will first synchronously shift the positive stop driven gear 192 out of engagement with the stop member 186 and simultaneously into mesh with the clutch driver gear 216, then following a shift action dwell (2) the shift action (3) will disengage them while synchronously shifting the clutch driven member 190 into mesh with the clutch driver member 180, functionally synchronously with the ratio altemater first final maximum and minimum ratio values.

A first planetary shifter drum 280 is similarly fixed for rotation with the shifter drive shaft 260 and operably connected with the first planetary shifter cone 139 by means of a fist planetary shifter fork 282 pivotally carried on a housing mounted pin 284 so that, starting from the first low speed position of FIG. 6, a counterclockwise shift action (1) cycled rotation of the shifter drum 280 will first shift the shifter cone 139 to mesh its driven gear 140 with the first reaction driver gear 218 while disengaging from the fixed member 141, then following a shift action dwell (2) the shift action (3) will synchronously shift the shifter cone 139 to mesh its internal splines with the first direct drive element 127, functioning synchronously with the ratio altemater first final maximum and minimum ratio values.

A second planetary shifter drum 286 is similarly fixed for rotation with the shifter drive shaft 260 and operably connected with the second planetary shifter cone 173 by means of a second planetary shifter fork 288 pivotally carried on a housing mounted pin 290 so that, starting from the position of FIG. 6, a counterclockwise shift action (1) cycled rotation of the shifter drum 286 will first shift the shifter cone 173 to mesh its driven gear 174 with the second reaction driver gear 240 while disengaging from the fixed member 175, then following a shift action dwell (2) a shift action (3) will synchronously shift the shifter cone 173 to mesh its internal splines with the second direct drive element 154, functioning synchronously with the ratio altemater second final maximum and minimum ratio values.

As can be seen, each complete shifting cycle consists of three steps; namely a first shift action (1), a second shift action dwell (2) during which acceleration or deceleration occurs, and a third shift action (3), all as previously described for FIGS. l-5. A multiply detented shaft locator 292 shown in FIG. 6L, having a detent for each 45 shift position, is fixed for rotation with the shifter drive shaft 260 and is engageable with a housing mounted shaft locater spring 294 to locate the rotational positions of the shaft 260 at each stopped position. In the particular arrangement shown, some of the shift actions of the planetary shifter drums will occur simultaneously, as will be described hereafter, so that a total of eight shaft 260 positions are required, two for each complete shift cycle, corresponding with the eight indexed positions of the shift cycler element 268 previously described.

Plan developments of the shifter drums 274, 280 and 286, with the connecting shifter drive shaft 260 indicated, are illustrated in FIG. 61-! to indicate their operational relationships with the shift positions of the shift cycler element 268 of FIG. 66. Assuming sequential shifts of the shift cycler element 268 when shifted into the plane of the up shift driver element 248 which is rotating in a clockwise direction, a first predetermined incremental counterclockwise rotation of the drums produced thereby will effect a first shift action (1) of the clutch shifter fork 276, as it is cammed by a sloped portion a of a cam groove 274A of the drum 274, to shift the positive stop driven gear 192 out of engagement with the fixed stop member 186 and simultaneously into mesh with the ratio altemater positive clutch driver gear 216 during the predetermined angular rotation from before to after the 0 position of the first ratio altemater, substantially atits maximum ratio value. The positive stop driven gear 192 is then accelerated while the fork is engaged at a dwell stop portion b" of the cam groove 274A, during the dwell action designated (2) in FIG. 6G, following which the clutch shifter drum 274 is rotated another predetermined increment to effect a third shift action (3) of the clutch shifter fork 276, as it is cammed by a sloped portion c of the cam groove 274A, to shift the driven gear 192 out of engagement with the positive clutch driver gear 216 while substantially engaging the positive clutch driver and driven members and during the predetermined angular rotation before to after the 180 position of the first ratio altemater, substantially at its minimum ratio value. The planetary drives will now be operating in the low or first speed position since the planetary shifier forks 282 and 288 are engaged in the right side annular portions of cam grooves 280A and 286A respectively of the planetary shifier drums 280 and 286, and have not been actuated by thefirst shift cycle rotation. v

The next predetermined incremental rotation effects a first shift action (1) of the first planetary shifter fork 282 toward the left, as it is cammed by a sloped portion 11" of the cam groove 280A, shifting the first planetary shifter cone driven gear 140 out of engagement with the fixed member 141 and into mesh with the ratio altemater first reaction driver gear 218 while the first ratio altemater is substantially at its maximum ratio value. During a second shift action dwell (2), with the shifter fork 282 engaged in a dwell stop portion e" of the cam groove 280A, the driven gear 140 is accelerated, and then the next predetermined incremental rotation of the shifter drum 280 effects a third shift action (3) of the shifter fork 282, as it is cammed by a sloped portion 1" of the cam groove 280A toward the extreme left position, shifting the shifter cone driven gear 140 to the left to disengage it from the driver gear 218 while substantially simultaneously meshing the internal splines with the first direct drive element 127, coupling the first and second input shafts 120 and 148 for direct drive while the first ratio altemater is substantially at its minimum ratio value. The planetary systems will now be operating in the second speed position because the second planetary gearing is still in its low speed position.

The next incremental rotation effects a simultaneous first shift action (1) of the first planetary shifter fork 282. as it is cammed by a sloped groove portion 3" of the cam groove 280A back toward the right, and of the second planetary shifter fork 288, as it is cammed by a sloped portion m" of the cam groove 286A toward the left, thereby shifting the splines of the first planetary shifter cone 139 out of mesh with the direct drive element 127 and meshing the driven gear 140 with the driver gear 218, while shifting the driven gear 174 out of engagement with the fixed member 175 and into mesh with the ratio altemater second reaction driver gear 240 at that rotational period when the first ratio altemater is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value and the second ratio altemater is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value.

During a second shift action dwell (2), with the shifter forks 282 and 288 respectively engaged in cam groove portions h and n," the first planetary shifter cone 139 is decelerated while the second planetary shifter cone 173 is accelerated, following which the next incremental rotation effects a simultaneous third shift action (3) of the shifter fork 282, as it is cammed by a sloped groove portion 1' of the cam groove 280A toward the right, and of the shifter fork 288, as it is cammed by a sloped groove portion of the cam groove 286A toward the left, thereby shifting the driven gear 140 out of mesh with the driver gear 218 and into engagement with the fixed member 141 for low speed, while shifting the driven gear 174 out of mesh with the driver gear 240 and the internal splines of the shifter cone 173 into mesh with the second direct drive element 154 during that rotational period at which the first ratio alternater is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value and the second ratio altemater is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value. The transmission system will now be operating in the third speed position which is the first planetary low and the second planetary direct drive.

Finally, a next incremental rotation effects a first shift action (1) of the first planetary shifter fork 282, as it is cammed by a sloped groove portion "j of the cam groove 280A again toward the left, shifting the driven gear 140 again into mesh with the driver gear 218 while simultaneously disengaging from the fixed member 141, when the first ratio alternater is at its maximum ratio value. During a second shift action dwell (2), the fork 282 is engaged in a groove portion k" of the cam groove 280A, and the shifter cone 139 is again accelerated, after which a third shift action (3), camming the fork 282 by a sloped groove portion 1" of the cam groove 280A, shifts the internal splines of the shifter cone 139 into mesh with the direct drive element 127 when the first ratio alternater is at its minimum ratio value. The transmission system will now be operating in the fourth speed or direct drive position.

If at any time the shift cycler element 268 is shifted to the left for predetermined incremental rotations by the down shift driver element 256 which is rotating counterclockwise, the clockwise rotations of the shifter drums 274, 280 and 286 will effect first, second and third shift actions in the reverse of those previously described, shifting the planetary systems back through third and second, to first and finally to declutched positive stop positions. Each complete shift cycle, whether to lower DN" or higher UP" speed positions, is initiated by a shift of the shift cycler element 268 from its neutral to either right or left by its shift cycle start fork 270.

As seen in FIG. 6, a control arm 296 operatively connects the shift cycle start fork 270 with a pair of solenoids A and B either of which is selectively energized by shift cycle start limit switches LS-A and LS-B actuated by cams 298 and 300 rotatable with the second shifter shaft 252 shown in FIGS. 6 and 6.]. Upon selective energization of either up or down shift electrical circuits, the shifting is automatically controlled by actuation of limit switches LS-ST, LS-l, LS-2, LS-3 and LS-D engaged by a cam 302, and by actuation of limit switch LS-C engaged by a cam 304, shown in FIG. 6K. As seen in FIGS. 6 and 6D, the cams 302 and 304 are fixed for rotation with a shaft 306 bearing supported by the housing 1 12 and having a helical driven gear 310 fixed to be driven by a helical driver gear 312 fixed on the shifter drive shaft 260 in a gear ratio to translate the four complete shift cycles into five stop positions.

FIG. 615 is the electrical control diagram for the automatic mechanical positive shifter system 108. As shown, a manual selector switch M-SW having a switch actuating lug 316 and detents engageable by a positioning spring 314, is suitably mounted on any convenient instrument panel (not shown). A series of lug-actuated switches designated STOP, 1, 2, 3 and D refer to the transmission speed positions; namely stop, first speed, second speed, third speed and direct drive, the switches being spring loaded to neutral or open positions and actuated to engage their respective contacts as the switch M-SW is rotated to make the appropriate contacts.

For example, in the position shown in FIG. 6E, switches l, 2, 3 and D are open, and although switch STOP is closed, the cam 302 is actuating the normally closed contact of the limit switch LS-ST to off, disconnecting the down shift D" circuit, while it normally open contact turns a panel indicator light PL-ST on indicating that the prior selection shifting to stop is completed. Limit switch LS-C is closed to provide current to the two solenoid circuits, but the relays R (up) and R (down) are de-energized so that their memory contacts are open and their normally closed contacts R and R are closed, holding both circuits in readiness for the next shift selection. Thus, although limit switches LS-A and LS-B are alternately closed at each rotation of the shift cycle shaft 252, the solenoids A and B remain de-energized until either the manual start button S-B -(up) or S-B (down) is actuated.

Now if the selector switch M-SW is turned counterclockwise to a higher position, for example to engage switch 1 with its lower contact, current through the normally closed contact of the limit switch LS-l will energize relay R when the start-up switch S-B is depressed, to close the memory contacts R for holding this circuit closed, to open the normally closed contacts R to deenergize the R relay circuit,

and to close the R contact in the SOL-B solenoid circuit so that, when the limit switch 15-8 is actuated by the cam 300, the R relay and SOL-B solenoid are energized. Energizing the R relay closes the R memory contact to hold this circuit closed and opens the nonnally closed R contacts in the SOL- A solenoid circuit to keep it de-energized. When energized, the solenoid SOL-B pushes the shift cycle start fork 270 to the left to start the complete mechanical shift cycle, during the operation of which the cam 304 will open the normally closed contact of LS-C limit switch to de-energize the complete electrical control circuits. During the completion of the shifting action, the cam 302 will actuate the LS-l limit switch to deenergize that selected circuit and turn on the pilot light PL-l. Turning the selector switch M-SW to other higher speed positions will similarly energize the SOL-B solenoid to start further complete mechanical shift cycles in substantially the same fashion. Conversely, turning the selector switch M-SW clockwise from higher to lower speed positions will energize similar control circuits to the SOL-A solenoid to initiate complete mechanical down shift cycles after selective actuation of the start button S-B With a reversible drive motor (not shown) driving the transmission, the motor auxiliary forward" MF and reverse MR contacts of the respective motor starters will be connected, thereby reversing functions of the controls and of the shift cycling members for counterclockwise input shaft drive so that the shifting functions of the shifter drums explained heretofore remain the same. If a reversing motor is not used, the jumper wires J are used for clockwise input rotation.

It will be seen that other control system circuitry can be adapted to the present constant gear-mesh shift transmission to suit any control requirements, and can readily be adapted to punch card or tape control systems and the like, which will be apparent to one skilled in the art.

It is important to note, however, that the primary drive system, the ratio altemater system, and the automatic mechanical shifter system including its control system operating cam components, are all positively gear driven from or 

1. A continuous drive motion change system for a primary drive system having an input means for driving an output means and a reaction means effecting operative connection of the input and output means, the input to output relative motions being determined by the motion of the reaction means relative to the input means, said motion change system comprising a motion alternater drive system and a shifter system, each system being independently drivingly connected with said input means at least during motion changes, wherein: a. said motion alternater drive system comprises means driven between selected minimum and maximum motion values and selectively drivingly connected with said reaction means to vary the motion thereof between predetermined values for shifting from one output means motion to another; and b. said shifter system comprises means effecting selective operative connection of said reaction means with the driven means of said motion alternater drive system for changing the input to output means relative motion during predetermined functions thereof operatively synchronously related to said motion alternater drive system functions.
 2. The system as in claim 1 in which said primary drive system includes a fixed member, and wherein: a. the minimum motion value of the driven means of said motion alternater drive system is substantially zero and its maximum motion value is substantially synchronized with one predetermined motion value of said reaction means when said primary drive system is functioning at a first constant input to output relative motion; b. said shifter system means is constructed and arranged to effect a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action operably connecting said reaction means with said driven means when their motions are substantially synchronized while said driven means is functioning substantially at its maximum motion value, a second shift action dwell while said driven means decelerates said reaction means to substantially zero motion, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction means from said driven means and simultaneously connecting said reaction means with said fixed member while said driven means is functioning substantially at its minimum motion value so that said primary drive system thereby functions at a second constant input to output relative motion; and c. said shifter system means is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 3. The system as in claim 1 in which said primary drive system includes a primary driver means drivingly connected with said input means for constant relative motion therewith and selectively drivingly connected with said reaction means to effect a constant primary drive system input to output relative motion, wherein: a. one motion value of the driven means of said motion alternater drive system is substantially synchronized with a first predetermined motion value of said reaction means, and the other motion value of said driven means is substantially synchronized with a second predetermined motion value of said reaction means when said primary drive system is functioning at its constant input to output relative motion; b. said shifter system means is constructed and arranged to effect a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action operably connecting said reaction means with said driven means when their motions are substantially synchronized while said driven means is functioning substantially at said one motion value, a second shift action dwell while said driven means changes said reaction means to its second motion value, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction means from said driven means and simultaneously connecting said reaction means with said primary driver means when their motions are sUbstantially synchronized while said driven means is functioning at its other motion value so that said primary drive system thereby functions at said constant input to output relative motion; and c. said shifter system means is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 4. The system as in claim 3 in which said primary drive system includes a second primary driver means drivingly connected with said input means for constant relative motion therewith and selectively drivingly connected with said reaction means when same is functioning at said first predetermined motion value to drive said primary drive system at a second predetermined constant input to output relative motion.
 5. The system as in claim 3 wherein said constant input to output relative motion is on the order of a one-to-one ratio.
 6. The system as in claim 3 wherein said constant input to output relative motion is on the order of less than a one-to-one ratio.
 7. The system as in claim 3 wherein said constant input to output relative motion is on the order of greater than a one-to-one ratio.
 8. The system as in claim 1 in which said primary drive system includes a fixed member selectively connected with said reaction means to effect a first constant primary drive system input to output relative motion, and includes a primary driver means drivingly connected with said input means for constant relative motion therewith and selectively drivingly connected with said reaction means to effect a second constant primary drive system input to output relative motion, wherein: a. the minimum motion value of said driven means is substantially zero and its maximum motion value is substantially synchronized with a predetermined motion value of said reaction means when said primary drive system is functioning at said second constant input to output relative value; b. said shifter system means is constructed and arranged to effect a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action operably connecting said reaction means with said driven means and simultaneously disconnecting said reaction means from said fixed member while said driven means is functioning substantially at its minimum motion value, a second shift action dwell while said driven means accelerates said reaction means toward said predetermined motion value, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction means from said driven means and simultaneously connecting said reaction means with said primary driver means when their motions are substantially synchronized while said motion alternater drive system is functioning substantially at its maximum motion value so that said primary drive system thereby functions at said second constant input to output relative motion; and c. said shifter system means is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 9. The system as in claim 8 wherein: a. said shifter system means is constructed and arranged to effect another complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action the same as the first mentioned first shift action, a second shift action dwell while said motion alternater drive means accelerates said reaction means to a motion value effecting zero output motion of said primary drive system, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction means from said motion alternater drive system means while same is functioning at its maximum motion value; and b. said shifter system means is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 10. A positive continuously constant gear-mesh speed change system for a primary drive system having a planetary input member for driving a planetary output member and a planetary reaction member effecting operative connection of the input and output members, the input to output member relative ratios and output speeds being determined by the rotational value of said rEaction member relative to the input member, said speed change system comprising a ratio alternater drive system and an automatic mechanical shifter system, each system being independently drivingly connected with said input member at least during speed changes, wherein: a. said ratio alternater drive system comprises means driven alternately between selected minimum and maximum rotational values and selectively drivingly connected with said reaction member to vary the rotation thereof between predetermined values for shifting from one output speed to another; and b. said shifter system comprises means effecting selective operative connection of said reaction member with the driven means of said ratio alternater drive system for changing the input to output member relative ratio during predetermined functions thereof operatively synchronously related to said ratio alternater drive system functions.
 11. The system as in claim 10 wherein said primary drive system includes means maintaining said reaction member in at least one of its predetermined values.
 12. The speed change system of claim 10 wherein said shifter system is constructed and arranged to effect a complete shift cycle comprising: a. a first shift action synchronously connecting said reaction member when operating at one rotational value with the driven means of said ratio alternater drive system when same is functioning substantially at one of its rotational values; b. a second shift action dwell while said driven means drivingly accelerates or decelerates the reaction member to another rotational value; and c. a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said driven means when same is functioning substantially at its other rotational value.
 13. The speed change system as in claim 10 wherein said ratio alternater drive system comprises: a. a rotatable input means rotating a driver element; b. a driven element rotated by said driver element with alternating substantially infinitely varying effective driving ratios between selected minimum and maximum ratio values relative to their alternating driving radii; and c. at least one driver means rotated with said driven element and selectively operably connected with and disconnected from said reaction member.
 14. The speed change system as in claim 13 in which said reaction member rotates at a predetermined neutral rotational and directional value when said output member is at zero rotation, said primary drive system including a fixed member selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same fixed at a zero rotational value whereby to effect a constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said ratio alternater minimum ratio value is such as to rotate said ratio alternater driver means to a value substantially synchronous with said reaction member rotating at said predetermined neutral value, and said maximum ratio value is such as to rotate said ratio alternater driver means to a substantially zero rotational value; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from zero output member rotation to said constant ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action connecting said reaction member with said ratio alternater driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value, a second shift action dwell while said ratio alternater drive system drivingly varies toward its maximum ratio value to positively drivingly decelerate said reaction member and thereby accelerate said output member, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously connecting said reaction member with said fixed member while the reaction member is rotated to substantially zero value when said ratio alternateR system is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said constant drive ratio to zero output member rotation is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 15. The speed change system as in claim 14, wherein: a. said primary drive system includes a primary driver means selectively connected with said reaction member when same is at its predetermined neutral rotational and directional value, and is rotated with said input means at a value which will positively rotate said reaction member at such value; and b. said shifter system effects said first shift action connection while substantially simultaneously disconnecting said reaction member from said primary driver means.
 16. The speed change system as in claim 13 in which said primary drive system includes a fixed member selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same fixed at a zero rotational value whereby to effect a constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and a direct drive member rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to rotate therewith effecting a one-to-one direct drive primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said ratio alternater minimum and maximum ratio values are such as to alternately rotate said ratio alternater driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is alternatively selectively connected respectively with said direct drive member and with said fixed member; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from said constant drive ratio to said direct drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said fixed member and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said ratio alternater driver means while same is rotating at substantially zero value when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value, a second shift action dwell while said ratio alternater system drivingly varies toward its minimum ratio value to positively drivingly accelerate said reaction member, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said direct drive member while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said direct drive ratio to said constant drive ratio is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 17. The speed change system as in claim 13 in which said primary drive system includes a fixed member selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same fixed at a zero rotational value whereby to effect a first constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and a primary driver means rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same at a predetermined rotational value whereby to effect a second constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said ratio alternater minimum and maximum ratio values are such as to alternately rotate said ratio alternater driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is alternatively selectively connected with said primary driver means and with said fixed member; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from said first to said second constant drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said fixed member and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said ratio alternater driver means while saMe is rotating at substantially zero value when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value, a second shift action dwell while said ratio alternater system drivingly varies toward its minimum ratio value to positively drivingly accelerate said reaction member, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said primary driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said second to said first constant drive ratio is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 18. The speed change system as in claim 13 in which said primary drive system includes a first and a second primary driver means rotatable with said input member and selectively alternatively connected with said reaction member to maintain same at respectively either of two predetermined rotational values whereby to effect respectively a first and a second constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said ratio alternater minimum and maximum ratio values are such as to alternately rotate said ratio alternater driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is alternatively selectively connected with said primary driver means; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from said first to said second constant drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said first primary driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said ratio alternater driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at one of its ratio values, a second shift action dwell while said ratio alternater system drivingly varies toward its other ratio value, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said second primary driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its other ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said second to said first constant drive ratio is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 19. The speed change system as in claim 13 in which said reaction member rotates at a predetermined neutral rotational and directional value when said output member is at zero rotation, said primary drive system including a primary driver means rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same at a predetermined rotational value whereby to effect a constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. one of said ratio alternater ratio values is such as to rotate said ratio alternater driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member rotating at said predetermined neutral value, and the other of said ratio values is such as to rotate said ratio alternater driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is selectively connected with said primary driver means; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from neutral to said constant drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action connecting said reaction member with said ratio alternater driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at one of its ratIo values, a second shift action dwell while said ratio alternater system drivingly varies toward the other of its ratio values, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously connecting said reaction member with said primary driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its other ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said constant drive ratio to neutral is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 20. The speed change system as in claim 13 in which said primary drive system includes a primary driver means rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same at a predetermined rotational value whereby to effect a constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and a direct drive member rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to rotate therewith effecting a one-to-one direct primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said ratio alternater ratio values are such as to alternately rotate said ratio alternater driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is alternatively selectively connected respectively with said primary driver means and with said direct drive member; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from said constant drive ratio to said direct drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said primary driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said ratio alternater driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at one of its ratio values, a second shift action dwell while said ratio alternater system drivingly varies toward the other of its ratio values, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said direct drive member while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its other ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said direct drive ratio to said constant drive ratio is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the aforesaid actions.
 21. The speed change system as in claim 10 and including at least a second planetary reaction member, said reaction members selectively alternatively effecting operative connection of the input and output members, the input to output member relative ratios and output speeds being determined by the rotational value of one or the other of said reaction members relative to the input member, wherein: a. said ratio alternater drive system means driven alternately between selected minimum and maximum rotational values being selectively alternatively drivingly connected with said reaction members to vary the rotations thereof between predetermined values for shifting from one output speed to another; and b. said shifter system means effects selective operative alternative connections of one or the other of said reaction members with the driving means of said ratio alternater drive system for changing the input to output member relative ratio during predetermined functions thereof operatively synchronously related to said ratio alternater drive system functions.
 22. The speed change system as in claim 21 in which the first mentioned reaction member rotates at a predetermined neutral rotational and directional value when the second reaction member is at zero rotation, said primary drive system iNcluding fixable means selectively connected with the second reaction member to maintain same fixed at a zero rotational value while the first mentioned reaction member is at its predetermined neutral rotational and directional value to effect a constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein said shifter system includes means effecting selective connection of the first mentioned reaction member with the driving means of said ratio alternater drive system while the second reaction member is disengaging from said fixable means.
 23. The speed change system as in claim 10 and including at least a second planetary drive system having a second planetary input member for driving a second planetary output member and a second planetary reaction member effecting operative connection of the second input and output members, the second input to output member relative ratios and output speeds being determined by the rotational value of said second reaction member relative to the second input member, and in which the output member of the first mentioned planetary drive system drives the second input member of said second planetary drive system, said speed change system including a second ratio alternater drive system associated with said second planetary drive system, wherein: a. said second ratio alternater drive system comprises means driven alternately between selected minimum and maximum rotational values and selectively drivingly connected with said second reaction member to vary the rotation thereof between predetermined values for shifting from one output speed to another; and b. said shifter system includes means effecting selective operative connection of said second reaction member with the driven means of said second ratio alternater drive system for changing the second input to output member relative ratios during predetermined functions thereof operatively synchronously related to the second ratio alternater drive system functions.
 24. The speed change system as in claim 23 wherein each ratio alternater drive system comprises: a. a rotatable input means rotating a driver element; b. a driven element rotated by said driver element with alternating substantially infinitely varying effective driving ratios between selected minimum and maximum ratio values relative to their alternating driving radii; and c. at least one driver means rotated with said driven element and selectively operably connected with and disconnected from the reaction member of its associated planetary drive system.
 25. The speed change system as in claim 24 including a direct drive member rotating with each input member and selectively connected with the associated reaction member whereby to effect a planetary direct drive ratio, and a fixed member selectively connected with each reaction member to maintain same fixed at a zero rotational value whereby to effect a constant low speed primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said ratio alternater drive system minimum ratio values are such as to rotate each ratio alternater driver means to a value substantially synchronous with its associated reaction member rotating at its direct drive rotational value, and said maximum ratio values are such as to rotate each ratio alternater driver means to a substantially zero rotational value; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from each direct drive output member rotation to each constant ratio low speed effects a complete shift cycle comprising: a first shift action disconnecting a reaction member from its direct drive member and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting such reaction member with its associated ratio alternater driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when their associated ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value, a second shift action dwell while the associated ratio alternater drive system drivingly varies toward its maxiMum ratio value to positively drivingly decelerate its associated reaction member and thereby accelerate its associated output member, and a third shift action disconnecting the reaction member from its associated ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously connecting said reaction member with its associated fixed member while the reaction member is rotated to substantially zero value when its associated ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from each constant drive ratio to each direct drive output member rotation is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the aforesaid actions.
 26. The speed change system as in claim 23 in which said primary drive system includes an input shaft having a positive clutch driver element, the first mentioned planetary drive system input member having a positive clutch driven element rotatable therewith, and a fixed member selectively connected with said first mentioned planetary drive system input member, and wherein: a. the ratio alternater drive system associated with said first mentioned planetary drive system has a driver means driven alternately between a zero and a predetermined rotational value synchronous with the rotational value of said clutch driver element and selectively drivingly connected with said first mentioned planetary drive system input member to vary the rotation thereof between respectively zero and a predetermined input value; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from zero input member rotation to a clutched condition effects a complete clutching shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said first mentioned planetary drive system input member from said fixed member and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said first mentioned planetary drive system input member with the first mentioned ratio alternater driver means while same is rotating at substantially zero value, a second shift action dwell while the first mentioned ratio alternater drive system drivingly varies its driver means toward its predetermined rotational value, and a third shift action disconnecting said first mentioned planetary drive system input member from the first mentioned ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously connecting said positive clutch driver and driven elements while their rotational values are substantially synchronized; and c. said shifter system when operating to declutch and shift to zero input member rotation is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the aforesaid actions.
 27. A positive continuous constant gear-mesh speed change system for a primary drive system having a planetary input member for driving a planetary output member, and a planetary reaction member effecting operative connection of the input and output members, the input to output member relative ratios and output speeds being determined by the rotational value of said reaction member relative to the input member, said speed change system comprising a ratio alternater drive system having a first and a second ratio alternater each associated with operatively adjacent primary driver elements driven with said input member, and an automatic mechanical shifter system, said ratio alternater drive system and said shifter system both drivingly connected with said input member at least during speed changes, wherein: a. each ratio alternater includes means driven alternately between selected minimum and maximum rotational values and selectively drivingly connected with said reaction member to vary the rotation thereof between the predetermined values related to the rotational values of adjacently operative primary driver elements for shifting from one output speed to another; and b. said shifter system comprises means effecting selective operative alternative connection of said reaction member with the driven means of said ratio alternaters for changing the input to output member relative ratio during predetermined functions thereof operatively synchronously related to said ratio alternater functions.
 28. The speed change system as in claim 27 wherein each ratio alternater comprises: a. a rotatable input means rotating a driver element; b. a driven element rotated by said driver element with alternating substantially infinitely varying effective driving ratios between selected minimum and maximum ratio values relative to their alternating driving radii; and c. at least one driver means rotated with said driven element and selectively operably connected with and disconnected from said reaction member.
 29. The speed change system as in claim 28 in which said reaction member rotates at a predetermined neutral rotational and directional value when said output member is at zero rotation, said primary drive system including a fixed member selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same fixed at a zero rotational value whereby to effect a constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. the first ratio alternater minimum ratio value is such as to rotate its driver means to a value substantially synchronous with said reaction member rotating at said predetermined neutral value, and its maximum ratio value is such as to rotate its driver means to a substantially zero rotational value; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from zero output member rotation to said constant drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action connecting said reaction member with said first ratio alternater driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said first ratio alternater is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value, a second shift action dwell while said first ratio alternater drivingly varies toward its maximum ratio value to positively drivingly decelerate said reaction member and thereby accelerate said output member, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said first ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously connecting said reaction member with said fixed member while the reaction member is rotated to substantially zero value when said first ratio alternater is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said constant drive ratio to zero output member rotation is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the aforesaid actions.
 30. The speed change system as in claim 29, wherein: a. said primary drive system includes a primary driver means selectively connected with said reaction member when same is at its predetermined neutral rotational and directional value, and is rotated with said input means at a value which will positively rotate said reaction member at such value; and b. said shifter system effects said first shift action connection while substantially simultaneously disconnecting said reaction member from said primary driver means.
 31. The speed change system as in claim 28 in which said primary drive system includes a fixed member selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same fixed at a zero rotational value whereby to effect a first constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and a primary driver means rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same at a predetermined rotational value whereby to effect a second constant primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said first ratio alternater minimum and maximum ratio values are such as to alternately rotate its associated driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is alternatively selectively connected with said primary driver means and with said fixed member; b. said shifter system when operatinG to shift from said first to said second constant drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said fixed members and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said first ratio alternater driver means while same is rotating at substantially zero value when said first ratio alternater is functioning substantially at its maximum ratio value, a second shift action dwell while said first ratio alternater drivingly varies toward its minimum ratio value to positively drivingly accelerate said reaction member, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said first ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said primary driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said first ratio alternater is functioning substantially at its minimum ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said second to said first constant drive ratio is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 32. The speed change system as in claim 31 in which said primary drive system includes a second primary driver means rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to maintain same at another predetermined rotational value whereby to effect a third constant drive input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said second ratio alternater minimum and maximum ratio values are such as to alternately rotate its associated driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is alternatively selectively connected with said primary driver means; b. said shifter system when operating to shift from said second to said third constant drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said first primary driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said second ratio alternater driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said second ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at one of its ratio values, a second shift action dwell while said second ratio alternater system drivingly varies towards its other ratio value, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said second ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said second primary driver means while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said second ratio alternater system is functioning substantially at its other ratio value; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said third to said second constant drive ratio is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the foregoing actions.
 33. The speed change system as in claim 32 in which said primary drive system includes a direct drive member rotatable with said input member and selectively connected with said reaction member to rotate therewith effecting a one-to-one direct primary drive system input to output ratio, and wherein: a. said second ratio alternater ratio values are such as to alternately rotate its associated driver means substantially synchronously with said reaction member when same is alternatively selectively connected respectively with said second primary driver means and with said direct drive member; b. said automatic mechanical shifter system when operating to shift from said third constant drive ratio to said direct drive ratio effects a complete shift cycle comprising a first shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said second primary driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said second ratio alternater driver means while their rotational Values are substantially synchronized when said second ratio alternater is functioning substantially at said other ratio value; a second shift action dwell while said second ratio alternater drivingly varies toward said one of its ratio value, and a third shift action disconnecting said reaction member from said second ratio alternater driver means and substantially simultaneously drivingly connecting said reaction member with said direct drive member while their rotational values are substantially synchronized when said second ratio alternater is functioning substantially at said one of its ratio values; and c. said shifter system when operating to shift from said direct drive ratio to said third constant drive ratio is operable to effect a complete shift cycle in reverse of the aforesaid actions.
 34. The speed change system as in claim 27 and including a reverse drive coupling means operable to drive said primary drive system, said ratio alternater drive system and said shifter system selectively in either rotative direction whereby to effect different planetary driving ratios depending on which direction the primary drive, ratio alternater and shifter systems are driven.
 35. The speed change system as in claim 10 and including means operable to selectively disconnect said ratio alternater drive system and said automatic mechanical shifter system from said input member.
 36. A positive continuously constant gear-mesh speed change system for a primary drive system having a primary planetary input member for driving a primary planetary output member and a primary planetary reaction member effecting operative connection of the primary input and output members, the primary input to output member relative ratios and output speed being determined by the rotational value of said primary reaction member relative to the primary input member, said speed change system comprising a speed change planetary drive system, a ratio alternater drive system and an automatic mechanical shifter system, all drivingly connected with said input member at least during speed changes, wherein: a. said speed change planetary drive system comprises a speed change planetary input member for driving a speed change planetary output member and at least one speed change planetary reaction member effecting operative connection of the speed change input and output members, the speed change input to output member relative ratios and output speed being determined by the rotational value of said speed change reaction member relative to the speed change input member, the speed change output member being drivingly connected with the primary reaction member, b. said ratio alternater drive system comprises means driven alternatively between selected minimum and maximum rotational values and selectively drivingly connected with the speed change reaction member to vary the rotation thereof between predetermined values for shifting from one output speed to another; and c. said shifter system comprises means effecting selective operative connections of said speed change reaction member with the driven means of said ratio alternater drive system for changing the speed change input to output member relative ratio during predetermined functions thereof operatively synchronously related to said ratio alternater drive system functions.
 37. The speed change system as in claim 36 wherein said speed change planetary drive system, said ratio alternater drive system, and said shifter system are driven together at a different relative speed than said primary drive system.
 38. The speed change system as in claim 36 including means selectively drivingly coupling and uncoupling two primary planetary members for direct drive thereof.
 39. The speed change system as in claim 36 and including a first gear means drivingly connecting the primary input member with the speed change input member, the ratio alternater drive system and the shifter system, and a second gearing means driviNgly connecting the speed change output member with said primary reaction member, said first and second gear means being constructed and arranged to drive the speed change planetary drive system, the ratio alternater drive system and the shifter system at a lower speed than said primary drive system, and to proportionally drive said primary reaction member from said speed change output member at a respectively higher speed than said speed change planetary drive system.
 40. The speed change system as in claim 10 wherein said shifter system means comprises: a. driver means rotated with said input member; b. shifter means operably connected with said reaction member to shift same into and out of operative connection with the driven means of said ratio alternater; c. actuator means operable to transmit predetermined rotational cycles of said driver means to said shifter means in synchronization with said ratio alternater drive system functions; d. shift cycler means connecting and operating said actuator means from said driver means for selective cycles determining whether said shifter system operates to shift from lower to higher or from higher to lower relative ratios and output speeds; and e. shift cycle start means driven with said input member and selectively operable to initiate operations of said shift cycler means at predetermined points in said ratio alternater drive system functions.
 41. The speed change system as in claim 40 wherein: a. said driver means comprises two oppositely rotated driver gear elements; b. said shifter means comprises a shifter arm element operably connected between said reaction member and said actuator means; c. said actuator means comprises a cam drum having cam grooves engaged with said shifter arm element for operating same to transfer camming movements into reaction member shift movements; d. said shift cycler means comprises a shifter member alternatively engageable with said driver gear elements for alternative cycled positive driving engagement therewith and operatively connected to rotate said cam drum for selected shift cycles in one or the other direction, and having an intermediate position disengaged from said driver gear elements upon completion of a shift cycle; and e. said shift cycle start means includes means sensing preset positions of said shifter member and said driver gear elements to synchronize operations thereof with said ratio alternater drive system functions.
 42. The speed change system as in claim 40 wherein: a. said driver means comprises a disk provided with projecting driver elements; b. said shifter means comprises a shifter arm element operably connected between said reaction member and said actuator means; c. said actuator means comprises a cam drum having cam grooves engaged with said shifter arm element for operating same to transfer camming movements into reaction member shift movements; d. said shift cycler means comprises a shifter member alternatively engageable with the driver elements on diametrically opposite sides of said disk for alternative cycled positive driving engagement therewith and operatively connected to rotate said cam drum for selected shift cycles in one or the other direction, and having an intermediate position disengaged from said driver elements upon completion of a shift cycle; and e. said shift cycle start means includes means sensing preset positions of said shifter member and said driver elements to synchronize operations thereof with said ratio alternater drive system functions.
 43. The speed change system as in claim 40 wherein: a. said driver means comprises two similarly rotated driver gear elements; b. said shifter means comprises a shifter arm element operably connected between said reaction member and said actuator means; c. said actuator means comprises a cam drum having cam grooves engaged with said shifter arm element for operating same to transfer camming moVements into reaction member shift movements; and d. said shift cycler means comprises a shifter member rotatable with said driver gear elements, two driven gear elements respectively connected for alternative rotation of said cam drum in opposite directions and selectively respectively alternatively engageable with said driver gear elements, and means actuating said shifter member for selective alternative cycled engagement of said driver and driven gear elements to rotate said cam drum for selected shift cycles in one or the other direction, and having an intermediate position disengaging said driver and driven gear elements upon completion of a shift cycle.
 44. The speed change system as in claim 13 wherein: a. said input means comprises a driver shaft rotatably driven with said input member; b. said driver element comprises a radially slotted arm rotated with said driver shaft; and c. said driven element comprises a crank arm rotatable on an axis offset from the axis of said first slotted arm and radially variably drivingly engaged therewith to thereby alternately vary their relative driver to driven radii.
 45. The speed change system as in claim 13 wherein: a. said input means comprises a driver shaft rotatably driven with said input member; b. said driver element comprises a first crank arm rotated with and at a fixed radius from said driver shaft; c. said driven element comprises a second crank arm rotatable at a fixed radius on an axis offset from the axis of said first crank arm; and d. a link member connecting said crank arms to drive said second crank arm from said first crank arm at alternately varying relative driver to driven radii.
 46. The speed change system as in claim 13 wherein: a. said input means comprises a driver shaft rotatably driven with said input member; b. said driver element comprises a first crank arm rotated with and at a fixed radius from said driver shaft, c. said driven element comprises a radially slotted arm rotatable on an axis offset from the axis of said first crank arm and radially variably drivingly engaged therewith to thereby alternately vary their relative driver to driven radii.
 47. The speed change system as in claim 10 wherein said ratio alternater drive system comprises: a. a rotatable input means; b. a first ratio alternater comprising a first driver element rotated with said input means, a first driven element rotated by said first driver element with alternating substantially infinitely varying effective driving ratios between selected minimum and maximum ratio values relative to their alternating driving radii; c. an intermediate connector means rotated with said first driven element on the axis thereof; d. a second ratio alternater comprising a second driver element rotated with said intermediate connector means, a second driven element rotated by said second driver element with alternating substantially infinitely varying effective driving ratios between selected minimum and maximum ratio values relative to their alternating driving radii; and e. at least one driver means rotated with said second driven element and selectively operably connected with and disconnected from said reaction member. 